Claude Lévi-Strauss
Claude Lévi-Strauss refounded anthropology in France after the Second World War on the concept of a structural unconscious in which different societies draw to construct their rules. Between his analyses of kinship systems and mythological transformations, his masterpiece, La pensée sauvage, proposed in 1962 a renewed conception of history within the context of the decolonization of the French empire. Aware of the ecological crisis to which colonized societies were exposed, he showed that each society shapes its organization according to the relationships between humans and surrounding beings.